The Second Amendment - The Right To Bear Arms Essay

The Second Amendment And The Right To Bear Arms Throughout the years there has been an ongoing debate over the Second Amendment and how it should be interpreted. The issue that is being debated is whether our government has the right to regulate guns. The answer of who has which rights lies within how one interprets the Second Amendment. With this being the case, one must also think about what circumstances the Framers were under when this Amendment was written. There are two major sides to this debate, one being the collective side, which feels that the right was given for collective purposes only. This side is in favor of having stricter gun control laws, as they feel that by having stricter laws the number of crimes that are being†¦show more content†¦These gun control advocates argue that the Second Amendment grew out of the colonists’ fear of standing armies and their belief that having militias that were composed of ordinary citizens was the surest way of maintaining their freedom (3). The opposite side of this debate consists of those who claim that the amendment guarantees some sort of individual right to arms. This view comes from the literal wording of the Second Amendment, which states, â€Å"the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.† Along with this argument, the NRA and other groups in opposition of gun control argue that the first, fourth, ninth, and tenth amendments are all constructed to refer to the citizens as individuals and not as a collective state. These gun advocates feel that if one is to give a rational interpretation of the collective view to the constitution, then one would have to assume that the Framers referred to the individuals in the first, fourth, and ninth amendments; to the states in the second amendment, and then separated the states and the people in the tenth amendment, although they feel that this was inconsistent with the wording of the second amendment (5). Proponents of strict gun control laws, including Handgun Control Inc., and Coalition to Stop Gun Violence argue that the Second AmendmentShow MoreRelatedThe Second Amendment : The Right To Bear Arms1543 Words   |  7 PagesIn December 1791, the Second Amendment was made: The Second Amendment offers â€Å"A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep arms, and shall not be infringed.† This basically means United States gives the right to its residents to keep arms, and it guaranteed individuals the right to possess arms for their own personal defense. In the past few decades there been thousands of pages that are written seeking to uncover the meaning of the â€Å"theRead MoreSecond Amendment : The Right Of Bear Arms Essay970 Words   |  4 PagesSecond Amendment: The Right to Bear Arms When America first became a country branching away from Great Britain, firearms played a huge role. After the war, firearms were still an every day thing for civilians, using them for hunting and or self-defense. With the second amendment has come with a controversial topic when it comes to regulating guns in our country. This topic affects the United States nationally, as well as local state to state as they try to regulate how guns should be handled. FromRead MoreThe Second Amendment and the Right to Bear Arms2205 Words   |  9 PagesCottrol, Robert, ed. Gun Control and the Constitution: Sources and Explorations on the Second Amendment. New York: Garland Publishing Inc., 1994 [2] Dowlut, Robert. The Right to Keep and Bear Arms in State Bills of Rights and Judicial Interpretation. SAF 1993 [3] Freedman, Warren. The Privilege to Keep and Bear Arms. Connecticut: Quorum Books, 1989 [4] Hickok, Eugene Jr., ed. The Bill of Rights: Original Meaning and Current Understanding. Virginia: University Press of Virginia,Read MoreEssay on The Second Amendment - The Right To Bear Arms1237 Words   |  5 PagesThe Second Amendment and the Right to Bear Arms The Second Amendment to the Constitution gave United States citizens the right to bear arms. Although, the Second Amendment stated: â€Å"A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms. However, the framers could not foresee the type of violence we have in our cities today. Innocent citizens have and are being brutally killed due to this amendment. Stricter gun controlRead MoreThe Meaning of the Second Amendment - The Right To Bear Arms Essay1169 Words   |  5 Pageswell regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed†(understand) comes from the United States constitution. It has for the last decade or so been a topic of an ongoing debate between the people of this nation. It all depends on how you interpret the 27 words. Most people believe that it gives United States citizens the right to bear arms. The constitution is the supreme law of our land. It was made to be areRead MoreThe Second Amendment: Americans Have the Right to Bear Arms!2362 Words   |  10 PagesS. 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Individuals were given the right to bear arms in exchange for their participation in England’s militia, which consists of â€Å"able-bodied male citizens declared byRead MoreThe Rights Of A Free State1118 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican Lit 2 December 2014 Amendment II â€Å"A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.† The Right to Bear Arms According to the Second Amendment, in the Bill of Rights, the rights of the people to keep and bear arms have been enacted since December 15th, 1791. Across the 223 years this amendment has been around, there has been an abundance of history behind the Second Amendment. Over this time periodRead MoreHow America Should Perceive The Second Amendment Essay1139 Words   |  5 Pagespeople debating how America should perceive the second amendment. Many view the second amendment as outdated, irrelevant, or possibly dangerous in today’s society. Others believe the founding fathers’ beliefs and reasons for including the right to bear arms are often misinterpreted resulting in a fight to protect its place in the Bill of Rights. The pushers for more gun laws and the NRA are in unending debate on whether or not the second amendment continues to be relevant today. In order to understandRead MoreThe Battle Between Gun Control and Gun Rights Essay1113 Words   |  5 PagesThe deba te over the right to bear arms according to the Second Amendment has been a hotly contested issue for many years in American history. The matter has been one of the most controversial issues in the second half of the twentieth century and into the twenty-first; disputed between politicians on the liberal and conservative side along with issues such as abortion, capital punishment, and gay marriage. The Supreme Court has officially defined the controversial Second Amendment by stating that states

U.s School Food Regulation For Public Schools Essay

American public schools have poor nutrition, and it causes obesity in teenagers. As a former student of the American public school systems, the condition of the food has been a problem for years. Over the past two decades, obesity has been an issue in the U.S, and it is due to poor school nutrition. The public schools lack a variation in the healthy meals they contain. Inadequate nutrition can lead to an abundance of health problems. Although spending money on food can be expensive, the government needs to invest in the health of students, and a great start is to provide better nutrition. Even though it may cost a lot of funds to improve school food, U.S school food regulation for public schools should be changed because public school food is unhealthy and it causes health problems in America. Poor nutrition in public schools has been a leading factor to obesity in America for the past decades. lunch.† Childhood obesity has reached epidemic proportions: some 4.7 million youth between 6 and 17 are overweight or obese. The number of overweight youth (11%) has more than doubled over the past 30 years, with most of the increase occurring since the late 1970s† (Brouse, 2003), it is apparent this has been a major factor in obesity. Obesity in America has mostly been a problem starting at an early age of an American. Obesity in America has increased drastically and it is evident school nutrition is a major factor. Teenagers have always consumed their majority of meals during schoolShow MoreRelatedShould Changes Be Made to the Regulations for Foods, Served in Public Schools?1058 Words   |  5 PagesShould changes be made to the regulations for foods, served in public schools? Introduction Regulations for foods, served in public schools are a matter of great concern as it is essential for the purpose of creating a healthier lifestyle for children studying in public schools. The government has supported several children through the free education and free food program. But the quality of this food is not at par with the standard of the food quality approved by nutritionistsRead MoreEssay about Research Proposal Thesis, Major Points, Plan649 Words   |  3 Pageswriting on will be, â€Å"Should changes be made to the regulations for food that are served in public schools?† Our children are being fed unhealthy food and it needs to stop! Good nutrition is very important to our health and there is a high level of concern these days. I have 4 children and 2 of them are teenagers. They are always saying how unhealthy and horrible their lunch is. I have looked at the lunch menus and they are right. 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McDonald’s is operating in Informal Eating Out (IEO) segment (restaurant industry) and though it is the top brand in the world, year 2014 was difficult for the company. The global sales of the company dropped by 1% and operating income decreased by 4% (MCD AnnualRead MoreSchool Lunch And Breakfast Programs Essay1157 Words   |  5 Pagesof nutrition in school foods. In order to solve this problem, stricter standards must be implemented into school lunch and breakfast programs. To effectively improve the nutritional value of foods offered by both primary and secondary schools, stricter legislation must be enforced by the United States Government. While it may seem that nutritional problems are only affecting schools in the United States, many other nations are experiencing similar problems. 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According to the CDC, foodborne illness is estimated to be the cause of nearly 9,000 deaths each year as well as 6 to 81 million illnesses. It is now known that viruses, bacteria, parasites, and toxins exist in food, which heightens greater urgency for food safety. Viruses

Sacrifice Ratios and Inflation Targeting †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Sacrifice Ratios and Inflation Targeting. Answer: Introduction Inflation is defined as the rise in the general level of the prices for the goods and services within a country over a period of time. According to Mankiw (2014), inflation represents the fall in the value of the currency. When the general price level rises, each currency unit purchases fewer amounts of goods and services. Hence, inflation represents a decline in the purchasing power of each unit of money. This is a loss in terms of real value of goods and services management, and in the medium of exchange i.e. money. Thus, inflation makes people to spend more money for the same unit of goods due to higher price or get lesser amount of goods at the cost of same unit of money over time (Linde 2017). This way inflation raises the cost of living within a country. As inflation reduces the purchasing power of the currency, its value depreciates. The general level of prices for a given time is obtained through the creation of a price index. Price index is a weighted average for a basket of commodities or services for a given period of time in a given region. The price index is a statistic, which helps in comparing the changes in the price level for this commodity basket over a given period of time. The most common index used to measure the inflation of a country is the Consumer Price Index (CPI) (Gal 2015). Inflation is measured by the rate of inflation. This is the percentage change in the price index of the commodities and services in a country, measured annually (Sargent 2013). This percentage helps in assessing the speed and value of the rise and/or fall in the value of currency. For example, if the rate of inflation is 1.5% for a certain commodity, say a gallon of gas, then the price for one gallon of gas will rise by 1.5% in the next year. The percentage change in the CPI is used as the measure of inflation in a country. All the monetary factors, such as, wages, pensions, salaries, etc. and the prices of commodities and services are indexed to get the real value of those and this gives the rate of inflation of a country. There are other indexes also, such as, whole sale price index, cost of living index and GDP deflator. Types of inflation and the reasons There are different types and reasons for inflation. According to Arrow and Kruz (2013), inflation if two types; demand pull and cost push. Demand pull inflation occurs from the demand side while cost push inflation occurs from the supply side. When the economy grows at a very faster rate, people have more money to spend and demand for commodities and services rises at a very fast pace. This creates excess demand in the market and pushes the price level to go up. This is known as demand pull inflation (Roux and Hofstetter 2014). On the other hand, when the cost of production increases due to the price rise of the factors of production, the producers try to make profit by raising the prices of the products. This is known as the cost push inflation (Mankiw 2014). If the prices for energy and raw materials increase, the price for the final production increases, resulting in cost push inflation. According to the above diagram, in case of demand pull inflation, the aggregate demand curve shifts rightward creating excess demand in the market and pushes the price up. On the other hand, in case of cost push inflation, the aggregate supply curve shifts upward and the supply is reduced in the market. Scarcity of goods pushes the price up causing cost push inflation (Sargent 2013). Other than these two types, there are expected and unexpected inflation and wage pull inflation. Sometimes the increasing wages create inflation in an economy. It is usually a combination of cost push and demand pull inflation. When there is a rise in the wages, it increases the costs of production of the firms. This is shifted to the customers in terms of higher prices of the commodities. On the other hand, as the wages are increased, people have more disposable income and this results in increased demand for goods and services. Hence, inflation occurs due to wage rise. Expectation of inflation also raises the price level. The individuals raise price level of the commodities in the expectation of inflation management, resulting in more inflation. Unexpected inflation can arise due to many reasons such as, sudden natural disasters (Scarth 2014). Role of inflation Inflation helps in redistributing the money from the fixed income to the variable income. It has both the positive and negative impact. The cost of living in the country gets highly affected due to inflation. If the rate of inflation is very high, the economy suffers and if it is controlled in a timely manner, then an economy can prosper. When the central bank of an economy controls the price rise, then employment increases, people have more money for purchasing goods and services. This helps the domestic economy to grow and prosper. The inverse relationship between inflation and unemployment is described in the Phillips curve. It shows that, when inflation rises, level of unemployment falls, i.e. employment increases (Heijdra 2017). Inflation affects the debtors most. As the value of money decreases, the real value of the debt falls but nominal value increases. Hence, people are discouraged to borrow money. When the inflation rate is unpredictable or very high, it is harmful for the economy. The investors cannot invest more in the economy, production is hampered as the companies put more focus on the profit and loss from the fall in currency value and less on production. Thus, both the saving and investment are hampered. It also helps in increasing the hidden taxes. The inflated earnings lead the taxpayers to enter into higher tax slabs, unless the tax slabs are adjusted for inflation. Similarly, the purchasing power of people is redistributed from the fixed incomes to those with variable incomes. People with fixed incomes are badly affected while people with variable incomes get a wage raise (Burda and Wyplosz 2013). It also affects the international trade because, with high inflation, the countrys currency get s depreciated. This makes exports of the country costlier but imports become cheaper. Hyperinflation is another phenomenon that forces people to limit their currency usage. Moreover, the allocative inefficiency is a result of inflation. With high level of price, the resources are allocated in a way that helps in saving money. Hence, efficient allocation of resources does not happen. However, inflation has some positive effects also. It helps to achieve the labor market adjustments faster. Since, nominal wage remains unchanged while real wages fall, moderate inflation helps to achieve equilibrium faster through wage adjustment. Relative prices are also adjusted due to inflation and it can boost growth in the economy. Most importantly, deflation is kept at bay through inflation (Borio 2014). On consumer consumption The consumption level of the consumers depends on many macroeconomic factors, such as, income, tastes and preferences, level of GDP and general level of prices. Inflation represents the rise in the general price level of an economy. This implies that the real income of the consumers decreases along with the real purchasing power. Hence, if the economy produces at its optimum level, then inflation would raise the price of the products but production capacity would not increase. Hence, this situation causes cost of living to rise and standard of living to decrease (Gal 2015). This happens due to the fact that the same amount of money purchases lesser amount of goods than earlier. Quality is not a determining factor in such cases. Thus, it can be said that, inflation can highly affect the consumer consumption. The effects can be summarized as below. People with a fixed income, such as, pensioners and students would be worse off due to inflation than the people with variable income, because their earnings are not increasing corresponding to the rise in the price level of the economy. Thus, their standard of living falls. Wage increase happens due to inflation, as it drives the trade unions to negotiate for higher wages. If their demand is not fulfilled, they can go for strikes and this would hamper production in the economy. Supply of products would be reduced and consumers would spend less in the economy (Scarth 2014). Inflation makes exports costlier and imports cheaper. Hence, demand for exports will fall and for imports, the demand will rise. This would create a deficit in the current account for the country and terms of trade would not be favorable. On Fiscal policy and government expenditure Fiscal policy is one of the major economic policies adopted by the government of a nation. It aims at influencing the aggregate demand of an economy in the short run. Through the fiscal policy, the government deliberately changes the government spending or the taxes for simulating the economy. The purpose of the fiscal policy is to achieve the economic growth management and stabilize the wages and prices in the economy. One of the major types of fiscal policy is the procyclical policy. It represents the actions of the government to change their taxes and expenditure to overcome the problems of inflation and unemployment. Expansionary and contractionary fiscal policies are part of this procyclical policy (Hansen 2013). Under expansionary fiscal policy, the government tries to increase the aggregate demand to boost the economy by increasing the government spending and lowering the level of taxes. This encourages the people to spend more money in the economy. On the other hand, contractionary fiscal policy is the opposite of the expansionary policy and it is helpful in curbing the situation of inflation and asset bubbles. When an economy grows too fast, and there is high level of inflation along with low unemployment, the government tries to control the economy by reducing the government expenditure and increasing the taxes. This would result in fall in the aggregate demand for goods and services and lower level of disposable income for the consumers and the level of spending would be reduced (Corsetti et al. 2013). On a firms investment Investment is defined as the tool for creating wealth in the future. When an asset is not consumed in the current period and is utilized for wealth creation in the future, it is known as investment. Investment is highly dependent on the interest rate and interest rate is closely linked with the inflation rate. Investors always prefer to invest when the interest is high and investments can only occur when there is high savings. Lower level of investments leads to lower level of production in the economy, and economic growth is hampered (Rokkan, Heide and Wathne 2013). At same time, certainty is also very important for an economy to have inflow of investment. Inflations create turbulence in the economy. People are encouraged to spend more on the market than save in the bank, as the currency value is depreciated during inflation. Thus, the return on investment is lowered. Along with that, inflation brings uncertainties in the economy, which creates more risk for the investors. Even if t he interest rate is higher during inflation, there is a risk for the firms being bankrupt. Due to inflation, allocative inefficiency occurs and firms also cannot take decisions about investment choices. As high level of uncertainty prevails in the market, the firms face high risk to returns. The business panning gets hampered as the firms cannot estimate about the aggregate demand. It also affects the employment strategies of the firms, as firms cut down their resources to save cost (Bodie 2013). However, inflation has some positive effects on the investment decision. Moderate inflation has positive influence on the investment decisions of the firms. Rising price level encourages the investors to invest more to get more returns in the future. The firms increase their production to supply more in the market at higher prices and meet the increased demand. As a result, employment increases and the return on stocks and fixed assets are increased. Therefore, when the economy is yet to reach its full capacity, moderate inflation leads to higher return and investors are encouraged to invest (Elsas, Flannery and Garfinkel 2014). Conclusion Inflation is one of the major macroeconomic variables that help in assessing the health of an economy. Inflation refers to the rise in the general price level of a country for a given period of time. It can be said that inflation has both the advantages and disadvantages. When the level of inflation is moderate in an economy, it encourages investments and higher level of employment and production in the organizations. As the supply of products increase, employment rise and people have more disposable income, the level of spending in the economy increases and inflation occur. On the other hand, high level of inflation also bears high level of uncertainty and risks to returns. This discourages the investors to invest more in the economy. Inflation leads to a fall in the currency value of a country and it makes exports expensive and imports cheaper. Thus, deficit occurs in the current account of the nation. Contractionary fiscal policy by the government is helpful in overcoming the infl ation. Thus, it can be concluded that, if inflation can be controlled at a moderate level, then the economy can experience growth. References Arrow, K.J. and Kruz, M., 2013.Public investment, the rate of return, and optimal fiscal policy(Vol. 1). Routledge. Bodie, Z., 2013.Investments. McGraw-Hill. Borio, C., 2014. The financial cycle and macroeconomics: What have we learnt?.Journal of Banking Finance,45, pp.182-198. Burda, M. and Wyplosz, C., 2013.Macroeconomics: a European text. Oxford university press. Corsetti, G., Kuester, K., Meier, A. and Mller, G.J., 2013. Sovereign risk, fiscal policy, and macroeconomic stability.The Economic Journal,123(566). Elsas, R., Flannery, M.J. and Garfinkel, J.A., 2014. Financing major investments: information about capital structure decisions.Review of Finance,18(4), pp.1341-1386. Gal, J., 2015.Monetary policy, inflation, and the business cycle: an introduction to the new Keynesian framework and its applications. Princeton University Press. Hansen, A.H., 2013.Fiscal policy business cycles. Routledge. Heijdra, B.J., 2017.Foundations of modern macroeconomics. Oxford university press. Linde, A., 2017. Gravitational waves and large field inflation.Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics,2017(02), p.006. Malmendier, U. and Nagel, S., 2015. Learning from inflation experiences.The Quarterly Journal of Economics,131(1), pp.53-87. Mankiw, N.G., 2014.Principles of macroeconomics. Cengage Learning. Rokkan, A.I., Heide, J.B. and Wathne, K.H., 2013, May. Specific investments in marketing relationships: Expropriation and bonding effects. American Marketing Association. Roux, N.D. and Hofstetter, M., 2014. Sacrifice Ratios and Inflation Targeting: The Role of Credibility.International Finance,17(3), pp.381-401. Sargent, T.J., 2013.Rational expectations and inflation. Princeton University Press. Scarth, W., 2014.Macroeconomics. Edward Elgar Publishing.